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In this section: About Digital Signatures & Encryption Getting Other People's Certificates Signing & Encrypting a New Message Reading Signed & Encrypted Messages |
When you compose a mail message, you can choose to attach your digital signature to it. A digital signature allows recipients of the message to verify that the message really comes from you and hasn't been tampered with since you sent it.
When you compose a mail message, you can also choose to encrypt it. Encryption makes it very difficult for anyone other than the intended recipient to read the message while it is in transit over the Internet.
Signing and encryption are not available for newsgroup messages.
Before you can sign or encrypt a message, you must take these preliminary steps:
Once you have completed these steps, you can complete the instructions in Signing & Encrypting a New Message.
The sections that follow provide a brief overview of how digital signatures and encryption work. For more technical details on this subject, see the online document Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography.
A digital signature is a special code, unique to each message, created by means of public-key cryptography.
A digital signature is completely different from a handwritten signature, although it can sometimes be used for similar legal purposes, such as signing a contract.
To create a digital signature for an email message that you are sending, you need two things:
Your certificate is a bit like your name and phone number in the phonebook—it is public information that helps other people communicate with you.
Your private key for a signing certificate is protected by your master password, and the Netscape program does not disclose it to anyone else. The Mail & Newsgroup software uses your private key to create a unique, verifiable digital signature for every message you choose to sign.
To encrypt an email message, you must have an encryption certificate for each of the message's recipients. The public key in each certificate is used to encrypt the message for that recipient.
If you don't have a certificate for even a single recipient, the message cannot be encrypted.
The recipient's software uses the recipient's private key, which remains on that person's computer, to decrypt the message.
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Every time you send a digitally signed message, your encryption certificate is automatically included with the message. Therefore, one of the easiest ways to obtain someone else's certificate is for that person to send you a digitally signed message.
When you receive such a message, the person's certificate is automatically stored by the Certificate Manager, which is the part of the browser that keeps track of certificates. This is useful because you need to have a certificate for each recipient of any email message that you want to send in encrypted form.
Another way to obtain certificates is to look them up in a public directory, such as the "phonebook" directories maintained by many companies.
It's also possible to look up certificates automatically. This feature is controlled by Mail & Newsgroups Preferences - Addressing or Mail & Newgroups Account Settings - Addressing, which can be configured to look up recipients' email addresses in a directory.
When you are using any account that is configured to look up addresses in a directory, the same directory will be searched for matching certificates when you attempt to send an encrypted message to one or more recipients for whom you don't have certificates on file.
The directory will also be searched for missing certificates when you open the drop-down menu below the Security icon in the Compose window and choose View Security Info.
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Once you have obtained an email certificate (or certificates), you must specify the certificates you want to use for signing and encrypting messages.
For information about obtaining email certificates, see Getting Your Own Certificate.
To specify which signing and encryption certificates to use with a particular account, begin from the Mail window:
A dialog box appears that allows you to select from among your available signing certificates.
In some cases you may be able to specify the same certificate under Encryption that you specified under Digital Signing; check with your system administrator to find out for sure.
Optionally, you can also indicate that you normally want to sign or encrypt all messages sent from a particular account. These account-specific settings are for convenience only; you can override the default settings for individual messages.
To configure your default signing and encryption settings, start from the Security panel for the account (described above) and select your settings as follows:
When you have finished configuring your mail security settings, click OK to confirm them.
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Before you can digitally sign or encrypt any message, you must obtain at least one email certificate and configure your mail security settings correctly. For background information on these tasks, see About Digital Signatures & Encryption.
The settings specified in Mail & Newsgroups Account Settings - Security determine the default settings for each new Compose window you open when you set out to write an email.
To open a Compose window, start from the Mail window and click Compose. You can immediately identify the default security settings from the presence or absence of these icons near the lower-right corner of the window:
| The message will be digitally signed (assuming you have a valid email certificate that identifies you). | |
| The message will be encrypted (assuming you have valid certificates for all recipients). |
To turn these settings off or on, click the arrow just below the Security icon in the Mail toolbar near the top of the window. Then select the item you want from the drop-down list:
To view detailed information about the message's security status, you can also click the key or lock icon as described in Message Security - Compose Window.
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When you view a signed or encrypted message in the Mail window, these icons near the upper-right corner of the message header indicate the security status of the message:
| The message is digitally signed and has been validated. If there is a problem with the signature, the pen is broken. | |
 | The message is signed, but it has a large attachment that has not yet been downloaded from the IMAP server. As a result, the signature cannot be validated. Click the icon to download the attachment and validate the signature. | |
| The message is encrypted. If there is a problem with the encryption, the key is broken. |
For information about certificate validation, see Controlling Validation.
To see more detailed information about the message's security, click the key or lock icon, or follow the instructions in Message Security - Received Message.
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This section describes the Message Security window that you can open for any message you are composing. If you're not already viewing Message Security, click the Security icon in the toolbar of the Compose window.
The Message Security window describes how your message will be sent:
The Message Security window also lists the certificates available for the recipients of your message:
For more information about obtaining certificates and configuring message security settings, see Signing & Encrypting Messages
To indicate your signing or encryption choices for an individual message, click the arrow beside the Security button in the Compose window, then select the options you want.
To indicate your default signing and encryption preferences for all messages, see Mail & Newsgroups Account Settings - Security
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This section describes the Message Security window that you can open for any message you have received. If you're not already viewing Message Security for a received message, follow these steps:
The Message Security window displays the following information:
If validation failed while OCSP was enabled, check the OCSP settings in Privacy & Security Preferences - Validation. If you are not familiar with OCSP, confirm the settings with your system administrator. If your settings are correct, there may be a problem with the OCSP service or the certificate used to create the signature is no longer valid.
If the signature is invalid because of a problem with a certificate's trust settings, you can use the Certificate Manager to view or edit those settings.
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18 June 2002
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