shadow(5)

НАЗВАНИЕ
shadow - файл теневых паролей

ОПИСАНИЕ

shadow is a file which contains the password information for the system's accounts and optional aging information.

Этот файл должен быть недоступен обычному пользователю, если нужно обеспечить безопасность паролей.

Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons («:»), in the following order:

login name
    It must be a valid account name, which exists on the system.

encrypted password
    If the password field is empty, the user can log in without a password. However, some applications that read the /etc/shadow file might block access if the password field is empty.

    If the password field begins with an exclamation mark !, the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked.

    Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is interpreted.

    If the password field contains a string that is not a valid result of crypt(3), for instance ! or *, the user cannot use a UNIX password to log in. However, the user may log in the system by other means.

date of last password change
    The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

    The value 0 indicates that the user must change their password the next time they log in to the system.

    Пустое значение обозначает, что проверка устаревания пароля выключена.

minimum password age
    The minimum password age is the number of days the user must wait before they can change their password again.

    An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age.

maximum password age
    The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user must change their password.

    After this number of days has elapsed, the password may still be valid. The user is prompted to change their password at the next login.

    Пустое значение поля означает, что нет максимального срока действия пароля, нет периода предупреждения о пароле и нет периода неактивности пароля (смотрите далее).

    Если максимальный срок действия пароля меньше чем минимальный срок действия пароля, то пользователь не сможет изменить свой пароль.

password warning period
    The number of days before a password expires (see the maximum password age above) during which the user is warned.

    An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no password warning period.

password inactivity period
    The number of days after a password expires (see the maximum password age above) during which the password is still accepted, and the user must update their password at the next login.

    After the password expires and the password inactivity period elapses, the user cannot log in and must contact their administrator.

    An empty string means that no inactivity period is enforced.

account expiration date
    The date when the account expires, expressed as the number of days since 1970-01-01.

    Note that account expiration differs from password expiration. Account expiration prevents the user from logging in, whereas password expiration only prevents users from logging in with their password.

    An empty field means that the account never expires.

    The value 0 should not be used, as it is interpreted either as an account with no expiration or as an expiration date of 1970-01-01.

reserved field
    Это поле зарезервировано для использования в будущем.

ФАЙЛЫ

/etc/passwd
    содержит информацию о пользователях

/etc/shadow
    содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях

/etc/shadow-
    резервная копия файла /etc/shadow

    Заметим, что этот файл используется программами из комплекта утилит shadow, но не всеми инструментами управления пользователями и паролями.

СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ

chage(1), login(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), pwck(8), pwconv(8), pwunconv(8), su(1), sulogin(8).